STARS

Hello i'm back with another post about science......and space and i'm going to talk about stars and how they shine. I'm going to tell you how scientist classify stars and how the Sun changes over short periods of time. 

WHY DO STARS SHINE

Stars shine because when something is hotter the atoms move more faster and if the atoms move fast enough then they would collide then stick to each other. This process is called "Nuclear Fusion". Nuclear Fusion would release a great amount of energy which will power the sun so when energy is let out through the star then into space it will make the star shine. 

HOW DO SCIENTIST CLASSIFY STARS

The sun is the closest to Earth so scientist can send probes and can easily observe it. The probes use telescopes to help scientist see the structure of the star. They observe the structure depending on their color, temp, and their light. 

HOW DO STARS CHANGE OVER TIME

When stars are first born they use the elements hydrogen and helium in their cores then the helium sinks deeper into the core because helium is heavier and denser than hydrogen. The radiative zone is the next outer shell of a star and is made mostly out of hydrogen. The last layer of a star is the convection zone were hot gases inside the star moves upward and the cooler gases move downward. The photosphere is the apparent layer and where the bright part you can see and  the above the photophere is the chromosphere is the part we can see of the sun. The corona is the outer most layer of a star. 

HOW DOES STAR COLOR RELATE TO MASS

Orange, yellow, and white stars are the coolest stars and blue-white stars are the hottest type of stars. Different colors mean the stars have difference in mass. Blue stars are the biggest and hottest stars and white stars are the second to largest and the rest are the smaller types of stars.

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BYE BYE

The outer planets

I'm back with another blog about space and our solar system. I'm going to talk about the outer planets. I will tell the similarities and differences about the outer planets. I'll even tell you what they are made out of and their type of atmosphere and structure and more.

The outer planets are similar because they are the four farthest planets from the sun.   They are different from each other because of their size and color. They are made out of gases like hydrogen and helium that's why they are called the gas giants.The planets have thick gases and liquid layers covering a small solid layer.

 

 Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system and more than twice the mass of all the other planets combined. The atmosphere on Jupiter is 90% Carbon dioxide and 10% Helium and is about 1000 km or 100,000,000 cm deep. The Great Red Spot is a huge storm full of swirling gases and could fit two earth's in it. Jupiter's outer layer is made out of hydrogen and helium. The inner layer is made out of liquid metallic and has a rocky core.
 





Saturn's atmosphere is made out of 75% hydrogen and 25% helium. Saturn has other substances like ice and methane gas. Saturn is almost entirely made out of gas and it's atmosphere is a couple hundred miles deep. The outer layer is made out of hydrogen and the inner layer is made out of liquid metallic hydrogen and covers a rocky or icy core. Saturn does not have so much mass so if you put Saturn on a lake it would float.
 



The atmosphere of Uranus is made out of methane gas and when you see Uranus it looks bluish or greenish color because of the methane gas. The gas absorbs the red light from the sun which gives it the color. Uranus is made out of ice to so that's why some people call it the ice giant. The interior of Uranus is made out of methane ice and  covers a icy or rocky core. Scientist believe that a big object hit Uranus and caused it to rotate on the side.

Jesse Jackson

For my blog today I'am going to talk about Black History Month. For my blog I'm tell you about Jesse Jackson. I'm going to tell you who he was and what he did that was important to Black History Month.

Jesse Jackson was born in 1941 Greenville, South Carolina. He graduated in a high school called sterling high school. He has got a football degree in the university of Illinois and then he transferred to the North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College in Greensboro. He became active in sit ins. Sit ins is when he protested about being unable to eat or drink there.  

North Carolina 

In 1965 Jesse Jackson met Martin Luther King Jr. Jesse Jackson met him at the Selma March a effort to register black voters. In 1962 Jesse Jackson was a leader of the Chicago branch of operation breadbasket. That program tried to give opportunities of jobs to blacks. He was very good leading the Chicago branch of operation breadbasket.   

In 1979 he decided to take place in the civil rights movement. He went to Israel, Lebanon, Egypt, and Syria to make peace. Later he created peace in the middle east. Later in 1984 he ran for President. He did not make it but he had 450 delegates and had way more than Shirley Chisholm. He believed that the government should spend more money on people instead of weapons for war. In 1988 he ran for president again and did way better. He had gotten 1200 votes but he did not get chosen for president.
  

                            

 And that was my blog on Jesse Jackson

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Inner Planets

For my blog post I'm going to talk about the inner planets. I'm going to talk about what the inner planets have in common and the different kinds of atmospheres in the inner planets. I'm even going to tell you why Venus is hotter than Mercury and why there is life on Earth and not on the other planets. 

The four inner planets 

The four inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. They are similar because they are made out of rocky materials like rock and they are the closest to the sun. The inner planets are also called the terrestrial planets because they are all made out of rock and metals and the planets have a solid outer layer.

  

This is what the inner planets  might look like

 Mercury

Mercury is the closest to the sun but not the hottest planet. Mercury is also the smallest planet. Mercury has no atmosphere because its gravitational pull is not strong enough to hold the gases close to it surface. Mercury has no atmosphere because its mass is so small. If Mercury has no atmosphere then there is no wind on mercury. 

Mercury

   
Venus
Venus is the second farthest from the sun and the hottest planet. Venus is hotter than Mercury because Venus atmosphere is so dense it is 100x denser than earths so all the gases and heat gets tapped in Venus. Heat gets trapped on Venus and Venus gets so hot that even when it's nighttime its still almost 460 degrees c. 97% of Venus's atmosphere is made up of carbon dioxide. Venus's clouds are made out of vaporized acid so it can burn through steel.

Venus

Earth

Earth is the only known planet with liquid water and life living on it. A small amount of gas and water vapor helps make up Earth's atmosphere. Earth is the third farthest from the sun and is about 1.00 Astronomical Units away from the sun and Earth only has one moon. Earth is the only known planet with life on it because in order to have life you have to have water and air. The temperature of the planet has to be just right so life can not burn to death.   

   

Mars
Mars is called the red planet because of the iron rocks which creates a rusty dust on the planet. Mars atmosphere is thin and is about 90 percent carbon dioxide.  The planet has two moons Phobos and Deimos which might be two captured asteroids. The average temperature on Mars is about 55degrees Celsius. Scientist think there might be life on mars and they think that because of the frozen ice caps on Mars.  

SPACE

For my blog I'm going to talk about space and our solar system. I'm going to tell you about what a planet is and the difference between a inner planet and a outer planet. I will compare and contrast a period of revolution and a period of rotation. I will tell you much more about the space and our solar system and how it works.                                                                                                                                              

Planets are celestial body's that orbit around a star. Inner planets are different from the the outer planets because the inner planets are made out of rocks, minerals, and metals similar to the Earth. The Inner Planets are Mercury, Venus, Mars, and Earth. The Outer Planets are mostly trapped gases like Helium, Hydrogen, and water and they are just the rest of the planets in our solar system except Pluto.    

A period of rotation is the amount of time for an object to rotate on its axis. A period of revolution is the amount of time when something orbits around an object. They are similar by rotating around something and rotation is different because it means to rotate on something but revolution means to rotate around something. 

Dwarf planets are similar to planets because to be dwarf planet it would have to be orbiting something and be almost round like a planet. Dwarf planets are different from planets by their shape and size because dwarf planets are smaller than planets and are not usually round as the planets.      

A planet's shape of an orbit is elliptical. Elliptical is a curved shape and the obits shape can be a oval. Planets orbit the sun by the sun's gravitational pull and nothing really can stop it because the gravitational pull is so strong. The closer the planet is to the sun the faster the orbit is because the planet would have to travel a less distance and the planets farther away obits slower because it has a much longer distance to travel.Asteroids are rocks orbiting the sun and are made out of minerals and rocks. Comets are body's that contain ice and dust that go extremely fast.   

shape of an orbit

  

this is an asteroid 

this is an comet

click here for asteroids 

click here for comets

And that was my post on space!!!

Ocean Waves and Tides

For my post I'm going to tell you what causes ocean surface waves and ocean tides. I'll even going to explain many vocab words. Ocean tides is the rising and falling action of the ocean waters. Ocean tides occur when the moon and sun have a gravitational pull on the Earth. The moon's gravitational pull is stronger because it is closer to the Earth than the sun. The moon causes the Earth's ocean to bulge outward so the side facing the moon has a high tide and the side that does not face the moon has a low tide. The strongest tide is called the spring tide because the sun and moon are combined of the gravitational pull. The Neap tide is the lowest tide and it comes twice in a month, comes in the first and third quarters of the moon.      

Ocean surface waves occur by the wind so it turns into small ripples than into waves and the harder the wind the more powerful the wave is. A wavelength  is the distance between a the two points of the waves. The wave height is the height of the wave. Trough is the lowest part of the wave and the highest part of a wave is called the crest. Tsunami's are over sized waves caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides beneath the ocean. The sea level is the horizontal plane of the sea or the level between high and low tide. Tidal range is the difference between the high tide and the low tide. 
  


CLICK HERE to learn about the Moon and ocean tides...
CLICK HERE to learn about ocean surface waves...








































    

OCEANS

For my blog im going to talk about oceans. Im going to tell you why oceans are so salty, the sources of Earth's oceans, and I will show you some features of the ocean floor.

 
First, I'm going to tell you why oceans are salty. Oceans are salty because when water flows through a river the water picks up tiny amounts of minerals then ends up in the oceans. Rain or water will pick up dissolved minerals, salts, and sediment that ends up in a river or somewhere then will eventually end up in the oceans too. 

Since the oceans cover about 3/4 of earths surface so with all the air above the water it has a lot of renewable energy like wind energy, oceans current energy, and much more energy.




Now I'm going to tell you about the oceans features. The ocean has many features like mountains, active volcanoes, trenches, and animal life.

 Most active volcanoes are in the mid-ocean ridge. The mid-ocean ridge is located at the Southern Pacific ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean.
  (Map of Mid-Ocean Ridge)
A trench is a steep, long, part of the ocean and descends lower than other parts of the ocean. They are formed by the movement of the tectonic plates. The deepest trench we know of is the Mariana Trench in the Western Pacific and is 36,198 feet long.     

The marine animals are divided into 3 groups. The zooplankton group which float and stays at the top of the ocean. The nekton which rapidly swims around the ocean. The benthos which stay on the bottom of the ocean floor.


Links that I used:Click here to read about life in the oceans..

                           play games about oceans..